Output optical power of the optical module
The output power of an optical module, often referred to as Tx power, is the average optical power emitted by the module's transmitter, typically measured in mW or dBm.
Definition and Measurement
The output power of an optical module represents the intensity of light emitted by the transmitter under normal operating conditions. It is influenced by the proportion of “1”s in the transmitted data signal: the more “1”s, the higher the optical power. When transmitting a pseudo-random sequence with roughly equal “1”s and “0”s, the measured power is called the average optical power, expressed in milliwatts (mW) or decibels relative to 1 mW (dBm). The conversion formula is P(dBm) = 10 × log10(P/1 mW), where P is the power in mW .
Typical Values
The exact output power depends on the module type and application. For example, SFP, SFP+, and SFP28 modules have different typical Tx power ranges depending on fiber type (single-mode or multimode) and transmission distance. Engineers often refer to the maximum rated power for thermal and link budget considerations, not just the typical value .
Related Parameters
- Extinction Ratio: The ratio of the average optical power when transmitting all “1”s to the power when transmitting all “0”s, measured in dB. It indicates the laser's ability to distinguish between logical “1” and “0” .
- Overload Optical Power: The maximum optical power the module can safely emit or receive without causing signal distortion or damage, also expressed in dBm .
- Receiver Sensitivity: The minimum optical power the receiving end can detect reliably, which is important for calculating the optical power budget .
Practical Significance
The output power determines the maximum transmission distance and signal quality. Insufficient power may cause signal loss, while excessive power can saturate the receiver. Proper selection of optical modules requires checking both the average Tx power and the link budget to ensure reliable communication .
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